Oil Quality & Ageing

Standard Test Method for Percent Ash Content of Engine Coolants

Standard Test Method for Boiling Point of Engine Coolants

Standard Test Methods for Reserve Alkalinity of Engine Coolants and Antirusts

Standard Test Methods for Water in Engine Coolant Concentrate by the Karl Fischer Reagent Method

Standard Guide for Sampling, Test Methods, and Specifications for Electrical Insulating Liquids

Standard Test Method for Freezing Point of Aqueous Engine Coolants

Standard Test Method for pH of Engine Coolants and Antirusts

Standard Test Method for Flash Point and Fire Point of Liquids by Tag Open-Cup Apparatus

Standard Test Method for Water Separability of Petroleum Oils and Synthetic Fluids

Standard Test Method for ASTM Color of Petroleum Products (ASTM Color Scale)

Standard Test Method for Visual Examination of Used Electrical Insulating Liquids in the Field

Standard Test Method for Water in Insulating Liquids by Coulometric Karl Fischer Titration

Standard Test Method for Saybolt Color of Petroleum Products (Saybolt Chromometer Method)

Standard Terminology Relating to Electrical Insulation

Standard Test Method for Water and Sediment in Fuel Oils by the Centrifuge Method (Laboratory Procedure)

Standard Test Method for Color of Clear Electrical Insulating Liquids (Platinum-Cobalt Scale)

Standard Test Methods for Silicone Liquids Used for Electrical Insulation

Standard Practice for Calculating Viscosity Index from Kinematic Viscosity at 40 and 100C

Computational method for the Viscosity Index of petroleum-based lubricants from kinematic viscosities at 40 °C and 100 °C. Implemented in the on-site VI calculator.

Standard Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Steam Turbine Oils by Rotating Pressure Vessel

Standard Test Method for Hydrolytic Stability of Hydraulic Fluids (Beverage Bottle Method)

Standard Test Method for 2,6-di-tert-Butyl-p-Cresol and 2,6-di-tert-Butyl Phenol in Electrical Insulating Oil by Infrared Absorption

Standard Test Method for Demulsibility Characteristics of Lubricating Oils

Standard Test Method for Engine Coolants by Engine Dynamometer

Standard Practice for Testing Engine Coolants in Car and Light Truck Service

Standard Terminology Relating to Electrical Insulating Liquids and Gases

Standard Test Methods for Oxidation Characteristics of Extreme-Pressure Lubrication Oils

Standard Test Method for Base Number of Petroleum Products by Potentiometric Perchloric Acid Titration

Standard Test Methods for Detecting Glycol-Base Antifreeze in Used Lubricating Oils

Standard Specification for Glycol Base Engine Coolant for Automobile and Light-Duty Service

Standard Test Method for Use of the Refractometer for Field Test Determination of the Freezing Point of Aqueous Engine Coolants

Standard Practice for Viscosity-Temperature Equations and Charts for Liquid Petroleum or Hydrocarbon Products

Standard Test Method for Air Release Properties of Hydrocarbon Based Oils

Standard Specification for Mineral Insulating Liquid Used in Electrical Apparatus

Standard Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API Gravity of Liquids by Digital Density Meter

Standard Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants

Standard Test Method for Measurement of Average Viscometric Degree of Polymerization of New and Aged Electrical Papers and Boards

Standard Specification for Phosphate Ester Based Fluids for Turbine Lubrication

Standard Specification for Mineral and Synthetic Lubricating Oil Used in Steam or Gas Turbines

Standard Test Method for Anions in Water by Suppressed Ion Chromatography

Standard Practice for In-Service Monitoring of Mineral Turbine Oils for Steam, Gas, and Combined Cycle Turbines

ASTM practice for in-service monitoring of mineral turbine oils in steam, gas, and combined-cycle power-generation turbines.

Standard Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity)

Standard Specification for Silicone Liquid Used for Electrical Insulation

Standard Terminology for Engine Coolants and Related Fluids

Standard Test Method for Base Number Determination by Potentiometric Hydrochloric Acid Titration

Standard Test Method for Determination of Organic Chloride Content in Crude Oil

Standard Test Method for Determination of Additive Elements in Lubricating Oils by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry

Standard Specification for Low Silicate Ethylene Glycol Base Engine Coolant for Heavy Duty Engines Requiring a Pre-Charge of Supplemental Coolant Additive (SCA)

Standard Test Method for Sulfate Ion in Water

Standard Test Method for Multielement Determination of Used and Unused Lubricating Oils and Base Oils by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES)

Standard Specification for Less Flammable High Molecular Weight Hydrocarbon Mineral Electrical Insulating Liquids

Standard Specification for Supplemental Coolant Additives (SCAs) for Use in Precharging Coolants for Heavy-Duty Engines

Standard Test Method for Analysis of Engine Coolant for Chloride and Other Anions by Ion Chromatography

Standard Practice for Mixing and Handling of Liquid Samples of Petroleum and Petroleum Products

Standard Test Method for Density and Relative Density of Engine Coolant Concentrates and Aqueous Engine Coolants by Digital Density Meter

Standard Test Method for Color of Petroleum Products by the Automatic Tristimulus Method

Standard Guide for Characterizing Hydrocarbon Lubricant Base Oils

Standard Test Method for High Temperature Foaming Characteristics of Lubricating Oils

Standard Test Method for Determination of Silicon and Other Elements in Engine Coolant by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectroscopy

Standard Test Method for Oxidation Induction Time of Lubricating Oils by Pressure Differential Scanning Calorimetry (PDSC)

Standard Specification for Fully-Formulated Glycol Base Engine Coolant for Heavy-Duty Engines

Standard Practice for In-Service Monitoring of Lubricating Oil for Auxiliary Power Plant Equipment

ASTM practice for in-service monitoring of lubricating oils in auxiliary, non-turbine power-plant equipment.

Standard Test Method for Determination of Water in Petroleum Products, Lubricating Oils, and Additives by Coulometric Karl Fischer Titration

Reference method for ppm-level water content in transformer and lubricating oils by coulometric Karl Fischer titration. Cited in all of our moisture-bearing reports.

Standard Test Method for Acid Number of Petroleum Products by Potentiometric Titration

Standard Test Method for Rust-Preventing Characteristics of Inhibited Mineral Oil in the Presence of Water

Standard Test Method for Freezing Point of Aqueous Ethylene Glycol Base Engine Coolants by Automatic Phase Transition Method

Standard Test Method for Measurement of Hindered Phenolic Antioxidant Content in Non-Zinc Turbine Oils by Linear Sweep Voltammetry

Standard Test Method for Measurement of Hindered Phenolic and Aromatic Amine Antioxidant Content in Non-Zinc Turbine Oils by Linear Sweep Voltammetry

Standard Test Method for Dynamic Viscosity and Density of Liquids by Stabinger Viscometer (and the Calculation of Kinematic Viscosity)

Standard Test Method for Determination of Elements in Insulating Oils by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES)

Standard Practice for Evaluating Compatibility of Mixtures of Turbine Lubricating Oils

Standard Test Method for Determination of Metals in Lubricating Greases by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry

Standard Test Method for Determination of Dynamic Viscosity and Derived Kinematic Viscosity of Liquids by Oscillating Piston Viscometer

Standard Test Method for Measurement of Antioxidant Content in Lubricating Greases by Linear Sweep Voltammetry

Standard Guide for Measurement of Remaining Primary Antioxidant Content In In-Service Industrial Lubricating Oils by Linear Sweep Voltammetry

Standard Specification for Engine Coolant Grade Glycerin

Standard Guide for Practical Lubricant Condition Data Trend Analysis

Standard Test Method for Multielement Analysis of Crude Oils Using Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES)

Standard Specification for Glycerin Base Engine Coolant for Automobile and Light-Duty Service

Standard Specification for Fully-Formulated Glycerin Base Engine Coolant for Heavy-Duty Engines

Standard Guide for Statistically Evaluating Measurand Alarm Limits when Using Oil Analysis to Monitor Equipment and Oil for Fitness and Contamination

Standard Test Method for Determination of Additive Elements in Lubricating Oils by EDXRF

Standard Test Method for Measurement of Lubricant Generated Insoluble Color Bodies in In-Service Turbine Oils using Membrane Patch Colorimetry

Standard Test Method for Initial pH (i-pH)-Value of Petroleum Products

Standard Practice for Optimization, Calibration, and Validation of Ion Chromatographic Determination of Heteroatoms and Anions in Petroleum Products and Lubricants

Standard Test Method for Foaming Characteristics of Lubricating Oils

Standard Test Method for Insolubles in Used Lubricating Oils

Standard Test Method for Flash and Fire Points by Cleveland Open Cup Tester

Standard Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup Tester

Standard Test Method for Oxidation Characteristics of Inhibited Mineral Oils

Standard Test Method for Interfacial Tension of Insulating Liquids Against Water by the Ring Method

Standard Test Method for Acid and Base Number by Color-Indicator Titration

Life Management of Power Transformers

Guide for Life Management of Transformers

New Laboratory Methodologies for Investigating Insulating Liquids — D1.70 Webinar (Brochure 927)

Markers for Oxidation of Mineral Oil and Ester Fluids

The Condition of Solid Transformer Insulation at End-of-Life

Maintenance for HV Cables and Accessories

Ageing of Cellulose in Mineral-Oil Insulated Transformers

Moisture Equilibrium and Moisture Migration within Transformer Insulation Systems

Remaining Life Management of Existing AC Underground Lines

Thermal Performance of Transformers

HVDC Converter Transformers: Design Review, Test Procedures, Ageing Evaluation and Reliability in Service

Insulating Oil Reclamation and Dechlorination

Experiences in Service with New Insulating Liquids

DGA in Non-Mineral Insulating Liquids

Furanic Compounds for Diagnosis

Oxidation Stability of Insulating Fluids

Copper Sulphide Long Term Mitigation and Risk Assessment

A CIGRE brochure on managing copper sulphide risk in transformers — how it forms, how to assess the danger, and which long-term mitigations work.

Condition Assessment for Fluid-Filled Insulation in AC Cables

Guide on Transformer Intelligent Condition Monitoring (TICM) Systems

Transformer Post-Mortem Analysis

Ageing of liquid impregnated cellulose for power transformers

CIGRE working-group brochure on the ageing of liquid-impregnated cellulose insulation in power transformers.

Moisture measurement and assessment in transformer insulation

Transformer Bushing Reliability

Asset health indices for equipment in existing substations

New Laboratory Methodologies for Investigating of Insulating Liquids

Thermal Aspects of Transformers

Guide for Transformer Maintenance, 2025 Edition

Specification for unused polybuthenes

Fluids for Electrotechnical Applications — Mineral Insulating Oils

Specification for unused mineral insulating oils. Reference baseline for new-oil and post-treatment acceptance testing.

Mineral insulating oils in electrical equipment — Supervision and maintenance guidance

Categorises in-service mineral oil quality by colour, water, IFT, BDV, acidity and DDF. Drives our condition-assessment thresholds and trending reports.

Insulating liquids — Oil-impregnated paper and pressboard — Determination of water by automatic coulometric Karl Fischer titration

Specifications for Unused Silicone Insulating Liquids

Insulating liquids - Specifications for unused liquids based on synthetic aromatic hydrocarbons

Guide for the Maintenance of Silicone Transformer Liquids

Classification of insulating liquids

Classification system that assigns electrical insulating liquids a formal code covering family, application, fire behaviour and more.

Method for evaluating the low temperature flow properties of mineral insulating oils after ageing

Specifications for Unused Synthetic Organic Esters for Electrical Purposes

The IEC specification setting acceptance requirements and test methods for unused synthetic organic ester insulating fluids.

Insulating liquids – Test methods for oxidation stability – Test method for evaluating the oxidation stability of insulating liquids in the delivered state

Insulating liquids - Linear flame propagation - Test method using a glass-fibre tape

Synthetic organic esters - Guidelines for maintenance and use in electrical equipment

Maintenance, supervision and condition classification of synthetic organic ester insulating liquids in electrical equipment.

Mineral insulating oils - Determination of kinematic viscosity at very low temperatures

Insulating Liquids — Determination of Acidity — Part 1: Automatic Potentiometric Titration

Insulating liquids - Determination of acidity - Part 2: Colourimetric titration

Insulating Liquids — Determination of Acidity — Part 3: Non-Mineral Insulating Oils

Fluids for electrotechnical applications - Unused natural esters for transformers and similar electrical equipment

The IEC specification defining quality requirements and test methods for unused natural ester insulating fluids in transformers.

Guidance on Interpretation of CO2 and 2-Furfuraldehyde as Markers of Paper Thermal Degradation

Insulating Liquids — IFT Determination with the Ring Method

Natural Esters — Guidelines for Maintenance and Use in Electrical Equipment

Maintenance and supervision guidance for natural ester insulating liquids in sealed transformers and electrical equipment.

Fluids for electrotechnical application: Specifications for the re-use of mixtures of gases alternative to SF6

IEEE Guide for the Use of Gas-in-Fluid Analysis for Paper and Laminated Paper-Polypropylene Insulated Cable Systems

IEEE Guide for the Evaluation of the Remaining Life of Impregnated Paper-Insulated Transmission Cable Systems

IEEE Guide for Substation Fire Protection

IEEE Standard for Test Procedure for Thermal Evaluation of Insulation Systems for Liquid-Immersed Distribution, Power, and Regulating Transformers

IEEE Guide for Acceptance and Maintenance of Insulating Mineral Oil in Electrical Equipment

IEEE's guide for acceptance and maintenance of insulating mineral oil in electrical equipment. Cross-referenced wherever IEC 60422 is applied.

IEEE Guide for Acceptance of Silicone Insulating Fluid and Its Maintenance in Transformers

IEEE guide for accepting silicone (polydimethylsiloxane) transformer fluid on delivery and maintaining its properties in service.

IEEE Guide for Acceptance and Maintenance of Less Flammable Hydrocarbon Fluid in Transformers

IEEE Guide for Evaluation and Reconditioning of Liquid Immersed Power Transformers

IEEE Guide for Acceptance and Maintenance of Natural Ester Insulating Liquid in Transformers

IEEE guide for acceptance testing and in-service maintenance of natural ester insulating liquid in transformers.

IEEE Guide for the Reclamation of Mineral Insulating Oil and Criteria for Its Use

IEEE guide for reclaiming service-aged mineral insulating oil and the criteria governing reuse of the treated oil.

A Review of Faults Detectable by Gas-in-Oil Analysis in Transformers

Significance and Detection of Very Low Degree of Polymerization of Paper in Transformers

Guidance for in-servicing of lubricating oils for steam, gas and combined cycle turbines

Lubricants, industrial oils and related products (class L) — Family H (Hydraulic systems) — Specifications for hydraulic fluids in categories HFAE, HFAS, HFB, HFC, HFDR and HFDU

Petroleum Products — Determination of Electrical Conductivity

Petroleum and related products — Determination of wick flame persistence of fire-resistant fluids

Petroleum and related products — Determination of spray ignition characteristics of fire-resistant fluids — Part 1: Spray flame persistence — Hollow-cone nozzle method

Petroleum and related products — Determination of spray ignition characteristics of fire-resistant fluids — Part 2: Spray test — Stabilized flame heat release method

Lubricants — Family H (Hydraulic) — Specifications for HETG, HEPG, HEES, HEPR

Petroleum and related products — Determination of the flammability characteristics of fluids in contact with hot surfaces — Manifold ignition test

Petroleum Products — Determination of Flash and Fire Points (Cleveland Open Cup)

Petroleum Products — Calculation of Viscosity Index

ISO method for calculating viscosity index from kinematic viscosity at two reference temperatures — the international counterpart to ASTM D2270.

Glass capillary kinematic viscometers — Specifications and operating instructions

Industrial liquid lubricants — ISO viscosity classification

Crude petroleum and liquid petroleum products — Laboratory determination of density — Hydrometer method

Petroleum and related products — Determination of the ageing behaviour of inhibited oils and fluids using the TOST test — Part 3: Anhydrous procedure for synthetic hydraulic fluids

Lubricants — Family T (Turbines) — Specification for Turbine Bearing Oils