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The IEC 60599:2022 standard provides guidance on the interpretation of dissolved and free gases in mineral oil-filled electrical equipment. The three-ratio method is one of the most widely used techniques for transformer fault diagnosis worldwide.
| Code | Fault Type | Temperature Range | Severity |
|---|---|---|---|
| PD | Partial Discharges | No temperature defined in IEC 60599 (cold plasma, § 5.3) | Medium |
| D1 | Discharges of Low Energy | No temperature defined in IEC 60599 | High |
| D2 | Discharges of High Energy | No temperature defined in IEC 60599 | Critical |
| T1 | Thermal fault t < 300 °C | t < 300 °C | Medium |
| T2 | Thermal fault 300 °C < t < 700 °C | 300 °C < t < 700 °C | High |
| T3 | Thermal fault t > 700 °C | t > 700 °C | High |
The tools are calculation tools made available free of charge by TriboTech ApS as part of the professional communication of its engineering consultancy. The tools perform a calculation based on the values entered and the published methods identified. They do not constitute an examination of an asset, a diagnosis, or advice on any specific asset. The tools have no knowledge of the asset's design, history, loading or operating conditions, and a result cannot therefore serve on its own as the basis for a technical or operational decision. A result is an indication, not a diagnosis. Use of the tools does not create a client relationship and does not create an advisory relationship. TriboTech ApS provides advisory services only under a concluded framework agreement, and no advisory liability is assumed for the use of results from the tools outside such an agreement. Any decision taken on the basis of a result — including a decision not to act — is taken by the user on the user's own professional judgement and at the user's own risk. As CIGRE itself puts it: "Actual actions on the equipment are the sole responsibility of engineers in charge of the transformers" (CIGRE Technical Brochure 771, 2019, section C.8, printed page 54). Each tool states which published methods and which editions the calculation is based on. The standard itself is the authoritative source, and a standard may have been revised since the edition a tool uses.
Method implementation — The calculation behind this tool is versioned. When a correction changes the result the tool gives for the same input, the version below changes with it. Version 1.8 · 06-09-2026. What changed, and when
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